The antivirulence effect of 5-iodoindole on Vibrio splendidus AJ01 towards Apostichopus japonicus

 

Highlights

  • •
    Low concentration and high protection without disrupting microbial balance
  • •
    Dual Protective Mechanism: targeting bacterial virulence and host Immune regulation
  • •
    Multi-targeted inhibition of bacterial virulence
  • •
    Elongation factor thermo unstable protein (EF-Tu) is identified as a key target of 5-iodoindole for first time
  • •
    Superior application prospects for vibrio diseases control in aquaculture

Abstract

Vibrio splendidus AJ01 is the primary pathogen of Apostichopus japonicus, resulting in huge economic losses. In the present study, we found that 5-iodoindole exhibits a remarkable protective effect on A. japonicus, the survival rate of which can be improved to 93.75%. To explore the impact of 5-iodoindole on V. splendidus AJ01, bacterial growth and virulence factors were determined. Results showed that 5-iodoindole significantly decreased swimming motility, hemolytic activity and protease activity but had minimal effect on the overall growth of the bacterium. Furthermore, a differentially expressed protein was downregulated and identified as elongation factor thermo unstable protein (EF-Tu) via SDS-PAGE combined with LC-MS/MS. Moreover, 5-iodoindole had impact on a large number of genes at RNA level, such as genes related to two-component system, ABC transporters, flagella, and chemotaxis. In addition, 20 µM 5-iodoindole could upregulated the mRNA level of immune related genes in A. japonicus, including IL-17, VEGF and MMP1. Our results indicated 5-iodoindole protect A. japonicus through a two-pronged approach: not only inhibiting bacterial virulence but also enhancing the host's immunity. This not only addresses the limitations of traditional indole but also provides a green alternative to antibiotics for protecting A. japonicus from infections caused by V. splendidus AJ01.

Read full article for free (open access):
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425001993


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