The complex interplay between hepatitis D virus and the interferon response
Highlights • HDV triggers innate immune sensing but largely escapes interferon-mediated control • Nuclear replication limits HDV exposure to antiviral interferon-stimulated genes • HDV selectively impairs IFN-α signaling through USP18-mediated negative feedback • Interferon efficacy against HDV varies across viral genotypes and cell models • Understanding HDV-IFN interactions is key to optimizing future combination therapies