Mostly Microbes and Infection

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) and its phosphorylated form NADP(H) are vitamin B 3 -derived redox cofactors essential for numerous metabolic reactions and protein modifications. Various health conditions are associated with disturbances in NAD +  homeostasis. To restore NAD +  levels, the main biosynthetic pathways have been targeted, with nicotinamide (Nam), nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) being the most prominent boosters. However, while many preclinical studies have examined the effects of these precursors, a direct comparison in humans is lacking, and recent rodent research suggests that the NAD + -boosting effects of NR and NMN may depend on their microbial conversion to nicotinic acid (NA), a mechanism not yet confirmed in humans. Here we show in a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled study in 65 healthy participants that 14 days of supplementation with NR and NMN, but not Nam, comparably increases circulatory NAD + ...

  Highlights • MT is dominated by Saccharomyces and Lactobacillus. • MT has high ester, JS features elevated aldehydes, reflecting regional sensory. • Saccharomyces and Pichia correlate with esters.

  Highlights • A significant proportion (∼11%) of  bla KPC  genes were chromosome-integrated in  P. aeruginosa . • Tn 4401 /Tn 7247 -like structures were the major transposons mobilizing  bla KPC . • Tn 4401 - and Tn 7247 -like structures differed in geographic distribution and plasmid/chromosome localization. • IS 26  and IS 6100  formed prevalent chimeric structures with truncated transposons to mobilize  bla KPC . • Integrative mobilizable elements (IMEs) facilitated inter-cellular transfer of chromosomal  bla KPC .

  Highlights • Impairment of circadian rhythm by long-term rest-phase time-restricted feeding (TRF) induces bone loss and gut microbiota dysbiosis in male mice • TRF feeding mice showed a decreased  Muribaculaceae  and propionate in feces • Muribaculaceae  abundance level is positively correlated with bone mass • Fecal microbiota transplantation from TRF donors to germ-free recipients leaded to increased Th17 cell populations • Increased Th17 cell populations enhanced osteomorphs fusion by RANKL-RANK-OPG signaling pathway • Osteomorphs fusion into osteoclasts resulted in bone loss

  Highlights • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans  is a causative agent of periodontitis. • Fimbriae are key modulators of  A. actinomycetemcomitans  virulence. • Fimbriae drive aggregation, colonization, immune evasion and pathogenicity. • Fimbriae limit bacterial vesicle and extracellular cytoplasmic protein release. • Fimbriae are key therapeutic targets to control periodontal disease.

  Highlights • Glutathione biosynthesis is required for GSH production in  A. baumannii • Loss of GSH impairs stress resistance and motility • gshA, gshB , and  gsnoR  mutants are sensitive to nitrosative stress and impaired in biofilm formation • GSH deficiency alters expression of pili, siderophore, and metabolic genes • Exogenous GSH or GSH-containing media restores biofilm formation in mutants