Mostly Microbes and Infection

  Highlights • Microbiota-driven inflammation and lipid uptake drive intestinal ILC3 lipotoxicity • Inflammatory signaling suppresses fatty acid oxidation in ILC3s but not Th17 cells • ILC3-specific immunometabolic vulnerability is conserved in intestine of mice and human • HFD-mediated intestinal ILC3 depletion is reversible upon dietary normalization

  Highlights • A global atlas and biogeography of human bacterial pathogens in soils are reported • Dominant human bacterial pathogens are more abundant in wet ecosystems worldwide • Soil biodiversity is negatively associated with the prevalence of human pathogens • Many dominant pathogens are likely to increase their proportion in future climates

  Highlights • Bacteria were more abundant in coco coir, particularly in stationary clinostats • Pseudomonadota  and  Actinomycetota  phyla were abundant under simulated gravity • Biomarkers were highest in horizontal clinostats' coco coir under simulated gravity • The GT2 and GT4 classes of glycosyl transferases were abundant in coco-coir samples • The top four antibiotic resistance genes were  adeF, vanY, vanT , and  qacG

  Highlights • Unexplored source of microorganisms with antibacterial activity; • New species of  Bacillus  sp. with activity against multidrug-resistant  K. pneumoniae ; • Potential chemical and molecular novelty of antibacterial compounds based on genome mining.

  Highlights • Bacterial serine proteases play a crucial role in the interaction between bacteria and their hosts, facilitating bacterial invasion and contributing to pathogenicity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses multiple serine proteases; however, the mechanisms of action of these proteases remain incompletely understood. In this study, we characterized the role of a novel serine protease, Rv1815, by purifying it in Escherichia coli and creating a rv1815 deletion mutant in M. tuberculosis to investigate its function. Our research revealed that Rv1815 is located in the cytoplasm of macrophages, exhibits serine protease activity, and can be secreted extracellularly. Moreover, we found that rv1815 is essential for bacterial virulence, survival, metabolism, and antibiotic resistance, as demonstrated by proteomic analysis. Rv1815 also influences bacterial morphology, enhances bacterial growth in vitro, and promotes intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis in macrophages. Further...

  Highlights • Human cytomegalovirus RNA2.7 sequesters RNA-binding proteins to stabilize host mRNAs • RNA2.7 enforces G1-S arrest specifically in actively cycling cells • An adenosine-rich RNA2.7 region is required for cell-cycle arrest • RNA2.7-driven cell-cycle arrest promotes efficient HCMV replication