Mostly Microbes and Infection

  Highlights • Colonocyte regionalization is microbiome-driven rather than stem cell intrinsic • Microbiome-derived nicotinic acid establishes proximal identity partly via PPARα • Microbiome-mediated proximal identity protects the colon from DSS-induced injury • In humans, proximal/ascending identity is lost in Crohn’s disease patients

  Highlights • Therapeutic Landscape Evolution : Current FDA-approved triple regimens feature sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR), the siderophore cephalosporin cefiderocol (FDC), and eravacycline. Zosurabalpin remains in Phase I evaluation, while  Acinetobacter baumannii  prophylactic vaccines are still undergoing preclinical development. • CRAB Treatment Paradigms : SUL-DUR combination therapy emerges as a promising first-line therapeutic candidate for critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant  Acinetobacter baumannii  (CRAB) infections. FDC demonstrates pivotal potential in multidrug-resistant pathogen co-therapy frameworks through its innovative iron-transport mechanism. • Strategic Interventions : Dual-track approaches are imperative: 1) Accelerating CRAB-targeted drug development through priority review pathways, implementing adaptive clinical trial designs, and establishing dynamic risk management-based post-marketing surveillance systems; 2) Strength...

  Highlights • A single-cohort metaproteomics study of 1,967 fecal samples • Associations of gut metaproteome with 44 phenotypes • Microbial functional shifts associated with aging, metabolic diseases, and drugs • Megasphaera elsdenii  may contribute to blood glucose regulation

  Highlights • The flavor, nutritional, and probiotic properties of kefir are intrinsically linked to its distinctive microbial communities. • Both traditional and modern production methods of kefir exhibit certain inherent limitations. • Synthetic kefir microbial communities and kefir-like starter cultures have been proposed as innovative production approaches for kefir.

  Highlights • Proteome analysis supports  Chroococcidiopsis  sp. 029 for ISRU on Mars. • Perchlorates induce enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants responses. • Perchlorates activate secondary metabolism and polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis. • Chroococcidiopsis  sp. 029 harbors methylotrophic potential for life support systems.

  Highlights • Comprehensive multi-omic analysis of the immune system and microbiome in healthy humans • Major axes of immune variation are driven by interferon response signatures • Specific immune cell states are coordinated with microbiome pathways and metabolites • Coordinated immune and microbiome features are stable within individuals over time