Mostly Microbes and Infection - by David Ojcius

Highlights • Bifidobacterium stercoris  KC84 alleviates IBS-D-like symptoms in mouse and rat models • KC84 modulates serotonin-related pathways associated with diarrhea • KC84 induces IFN-β production from colonic dendritic cells • IFN-β is associated with reduced intestinal smooth muscle contractility

Highlights • Maternal helminths promote offspring antiviral immunity via the microbiota • Helminth-altered microbiota produce IPA, which drives antiviral protection • IPA induces lung epithelial type I interferon responses to promote antiviral immunity • Helminth-endemic human microbiota are enriched in the tryptophan metabolism pathway

Abstract The circadian clock enables organisms to predict daily environmental changes and synchronise their physiology and behaviour accordingly. Macrophages, key sensor cells in the innate immune system, exhibit cell-autonomous circadian rhythmicity. This circadian rhythmic behaviour is synchronised to the central clock in the hypothalamus as a result of neural, and hormonal signals. Macrophage rhythms and responses involve sensing temporal cues, integrating information from tissue-specific environments, and initiating context-appropriate, time-gated responses. On a broader scale, monocytes and macrophages communicate and synchronise with other immune cells, migrate throughout the body, and infiltrate tissues, collectively contributing to circadian regulation in both health and disease. While the field of macrophage circadian biology is rapidly advancing, it is equally important to reflect on its historical development, which has been shaped by over two centuries of accumulating knowl...

Highlights • Streptomyces  are enriched in roots during drought via suppressed immunity and Fe uptake • Drought-induced suppression of iron uptake is conserved across ∼160 mya of plant evolution • Some  Streptomyces  improve plant performance under drought and low iron • Plant benefits are independent of enrichment and instead driven by intra-genus antagonism

  Highlights • ANDV can be isolated in cell culture only in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. • The monitoring of close contacts of ANDV cases allows to identify prospective cases. • We isolated a new ANDV human strain from an early blood sample of a secondary case. • CHI-Hu13724 is a different haplotype from the previous ANDV reference strains. • Isolation of currently zoonotic ANDV strains helps the study of viral pathogenicity.

Highlights • A classically anaerobic pathogen creates and thrives in a localized oxidative niche • BFT rewires epithelial metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to fermentation • Host metabolic rewiring increases lactate and oxygen in the ETBF niche • BFT enables ETBF to adapt to this oxidative niche and promote colonization