Mostly Microbes and Infection

  Highlights • Grass types variably affect soil microbes and nutrient cycling gene abundance. • Carex breviculmis enhances soil C fixation, denitrification, and P activation. • Festuca arundinacea Schred promotes soil nitrogen fixation capacity. • Soil pH, AP and AN boost C/N/P/S-cycling genes.

  Highlights • Experimentally infected participants expel infectious influenza virus into the air • The magnitude of infectious expulsions varies widely by individual • Infectivity of expulsions correlates with viral loads and symptoms • Viral genetic diversity is maintained through the expulsion process

  Highlights • Type II CRISPR-Cas systems are highly prevalent in the human gut • Gut phages harbor diverse type II CRISPR inhibitors, including one for type II-B • Members of the GutAcr aca  family share similar structures but have diverse sequences • GutAcr aca  members inhibit bacterial immunity and regulate their own production

  Highlights • Colonocyte regionalization is microbiome-driven rather than stem cell intrinsic • Microbiome-derived nicotinic acid establishes proximal identity partly via PPARα • Microbiome-mediated proximal identity protects the colon from DSS-induced injury • In humans, proximal/ascending identity is lost in Crohn’s disease patients

  Highlights • Therapeutic Landscape Evolution : Current FDA-approved triple regimens feature sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR), the siderophore cephalosporin cefiderocol (FDC), and eravacycline. Zosurabalpin remains in Phase I evaluation, while  Acinetobacter baumannii  prophylactic vaccines are still undergoing preclinical development. • CRAB Treatment Paradigms : SUL-DUR combination therapy emerges as a promising first-line therapeutic candidate for critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant  Acinetobacter baumannii  (CRAB) infections. FDC demonstrates pivotal potential in multidrug-resistant pathogen co-therapy frameworks through its innovative iron-transport mechanism. • Strategic Interventions : Dual-track approaches are imperative: 1) Accelerating CRAB-targeted drug development through priority review pathways, implementing adaptive clinical trial designs, and establishing dynamic risk management-based post-marketing surveillance systems; 2) Strength...

  Highlights • A single-cohort metaproteomics study of 1,967 fecal samples • Associations of gut metaproteome with 44 phenotypes • Microbial functional shifts associated with aging, metabolic diseases, and drugs • Megasphaera elsdenii  may contribute to blood glucose regulation

  Highlights • The flavor, nutritional, and probiotic properties of kefir are intrinsically linked to its distinctive microbial communities. • Both traditional and modern production methods of kefir exhibit certain inherent limitations. • Synthetic kefir microbial communities and kefir-like starter cultures have been proposed as innovative production approaches for kefir.