Mostly Microbes and Infection

  Highlights • Dietary variables had the largest effect on microbiota composition • Rustic and conventional rearing conditions led to differential microbiota profiles • Rustic rearing favoured  Treponema -enriched, more-diverse microbial profiles • Enterotypes were associated with husbandry conditions and faecal water content • Underexplored taxa contributed to  in vitro  fibre fermentation and SCFA production

  Highlights • Most mutations occurred in genes associated with WTA glycosylation. • All mutants exhibited impaired P100 phage binding. • Gene mutation patterns appeared serovar-dependent. • Serovar 4b-derived mutants showed greater fitness loss than 2a or 2b. • Phage-resistance induction led to increased antibiotics sensitivity.

  Highlights • E. bolteae  is enriched in HCC patient feces and correlates with poor prognosis • E. bolteae  translocates to the liver and promotes the progression of HCC • E. bolteae  surface protein PbpT subverts DSG1 function, thereby activating MAPK signaling • Neutralizing antibodies against PbpT suppress tumor growth in murine models

  Highlights • Virome functions as an independent regulator of small intestinal nutrient sensing • Virome elicits distinct responses across different intestinal cell types • Virome regulation of carbohydrate sensing depends on immune surveillance

  Highlights ● SCFAs function as gut-derived epigenetic regulators, bridging dietary fiber metabolism to brain-wide chromatin remodeling in neurodegenerative diseases. ● Butyrate acts as a potent HDAC inhibitor, enhancing histone acetylation to suppress neuroinflammation and promote synaptic plasticity in AD and PD models. ● SCFAs modulate DNA methylation dynamics via TET-DNMT balance, correcting aberrant gene expression linked to Aβ and α-synuclein pathologies. ● Emerging evidence positions histone lactylation as a novel SCFA-sensitive mechanism linking microglial metabolism to neuroinflammatory loops in neurodegeneration.

  Highlights • Reconstructed and curated of the genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of  Fusobacterium nucleatum • Experimental data used to refine and validate the GEM, including biomass formulation with BOFdat (Biomass Objective Function from experimental data) • Integrated transcriptomic data to build context-specific metabolic models • Metabolic rewiring links  F. nucleatum  adaptation to colorectal cancer (CRC) context • Provides a systems framework to explore host-microbe metabolic interactions

  Highlights • A novel virus system rEBV-VSV was developed realizing efficient and native EBV entry via multi-synergetic glycoproteins with sensitive bioluminescence detection. • rEBV-VSV was especially competent for rapid and high-throughput entry-inhibition evaluation of drugs, antibodies, or sera and accurate study of EBV entry mechanisms via flexible mutations or recombination on rEBV-VSV. • Glycoprotein 42 (gp42) was found to mediate diverse functions of an important mutation L65A+L69A on glycoprotein H (gH) and also manipulated the efficacy of gH-targeted antibodies.