Mostly Microbes and Infection

  Summary Background Quantifying human health impacts throughout plastics lifecycles can inform global action against pollution that promotes sustainability across environmental, economic, and health concerns. Methods We combined material flow analysis, using the Plastics-to-Ocean model, with lifecycle assessment (LCA) to quantitatively compare disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with plastics lifecycles, under different global consumption and waste management scenarios between 2016 and 2040. We estimated global health effects of greenhouse gases, particulate matter, and specific chemical emissions associated with plastics commonly found in municipal solid waste (approximately 64% of global plastics production), from their production, transportation, recycling, end-of-life fates, and those associated with illustrative alternative single-use materials and glass reuse systems. Direct health effects of exposure to chemicals during product use and microplastics and nanopl...

  Highlights • Extreme temperatures caused dysbiosis in lung and gut of mice. • Low temperature affects pentanoic and butyric acid production in mice. • High temperature promotes intestinal inflammation in mice. • Extreme temperatures altered the proteome profile and pathways in the lung and gut of mice.

  Highlights • H5-naive individuals show low but detectable A/Texas/37/2024-neutralizing IgG • Mapping of H5 serum neutralization among 76 historical and recent influenza A strains • Isolation of H5/H1 cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting the HA stem • H5-neutralizing monoclonals protect mice from lethal H5N1 challenge  in vivo

  Highlights • The lipoprotein-specific signal peptidase LspA is essential in  Pseudomonas aeruginosa • LspA depletion compromises membrane integrity and increases antibiotic susceptibility • A gain-of-function mutation in  amgS  supports growth under LspA-limiting conditions • The membrane proteins HtpX and YccA are required for AmgRS-mediated rescue

The oral microbiome is a complex community of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that inhabit the oral cavity. Microbes of the oral microbiome are implicated in health and disease. We collected 220 unstimulated saliva samples from patients with periodontal disease and varying degrees of dental caries, as well as from subjects with no signs of oral disease. Metagenomic analysis of saliva revealed significantly higher abundance of periodontal pathogens in people with gum disease, and significantly higher abundance of cariogenic species in people with dental caries. We also found that salivary microbiome diversity was significantly higher in people with periodontal disease, but not in those with only caries. Furthermore, oral microbiome diversity is affected by oral hygiene habits such as flossing frequency, but not brushing frequency. Clustering and differential analysis allowed us to identify specific commensal species, such as  Prevotella pallens and Veillonella atypica , which are signi...

Parabacteroides goldsteinii   is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Parabacteroides within the phylum Bacteroidota and family Tannerellaceae. It is a commensal microorganism naturally present in the human gut microbiota and has attracted increasing scientific interests due to its potential roles in metabolic regulation, immune modulation, and host–microbe interactions.

  Highlights  • Influenza virus infection significantly induces the expression of lncRNA GAS5 via type I/III interferons and IL-6 signal pathways. • LncRNA GAS5 can encode a critical micropeptide GAS5-P50 which facilitates influenza virus replication. • GAS5-p50 interacts with NOTUM to promote the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.