Mostly Microbes and Infection

This commentary describes the changes taking place in dentistry and speculates on improvements that could happen soon. Advances in health care will have an impact on the integration and delivery of oral care; conversely, there is growing acceptance that oral health impacts systemic health. Technological innovations are changing the face of medical care and are quickly becoming integrated into dentistry. Advances in novel antimicrobials, genomics, robotics and artificial intelligence are transforming our ability to diagnose and manage disease.  

The immune system employs a temporal hierarchy of effector mechanisms to combat infections by intracellular pathogens. The nonspecific response is independent of MHC and can be activated rapidly, while the specific response is slower, more specific, and requires major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. MHC-dependent responses have been characterized extensively  in vitro  for antigens presented by polymorphic MHC class la and class II proteins and recognized by T lymphocytes carrying α/β T-cell receptors (TcR). Growing indirect evidence has implicated monomorphic MHC class lb proteins and γ/δ T lymphocytes in defense against bacterial infections, but the biochemical and immunological behavior of class lb proteins and γ/δ TcR has not been well characterized, and most hypotheses involving these proteins have relied on data obtained with polymorphic MHC proteins and α/β TcR. An overview of studies describing bacterial infections  in vivo  suggests that, in many...

Boswellia   trees, found throughout the Middle East and parts of Africa and Asia, are the source of frankincense oil. Since antiquity, frankincense has been traded as a precious commodity, but it has also been used for the treatment of chronic disease, inflammation, oral health, and microbial infection. More recently, the bioactive components of   Boswellia   trees have been identified and characterized for their effects on cancer, microbial infection (especially infection by oral pathogens), and inflammation. Most studies have focused on cell lines, but more recent research has also investigated effects in animal models of disease. As natural products are considered to be safer than synthetic drugs, there is growing interest in further developing the use of substances such as frankincense oil for therapeutic treatment.

The  history of dental treatments  dates back to thousands of years. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]  The scope of this article is limited to the pre-1981  history . The earliest known example of  dental caries  manipulation is found in a  Paleolithic  man, dated between 14,160 and 13,820  BP . [ 3 ]  The earliest known use of a  filling  after removal of decayed or infected  pulp  is found in a Paleolithic who lived near modern-day  Tuscany , Italy, from 13,000 to 12,740 BP. [ 4 ]  Although inconclusive, researchers have suggested that rudimentary dental procedures have been performed as far back as 130,000 years ago by  Neanderthals . [ 5 ]

La   boca , también denominada como una   cavidad bucal   o   cavidad oral,   siendo en realidad divisiones en sí de la boca del aparato digestivo; [ 1 ] ​ es la abertura corporal por la que se ingieren   alimentos . [ 2 ] ​ Está ubicada en la   cara   y constituye en su mayor parte el   aparato estomatognático , así como la primera parte del   aparato digestivo . La boca se abre a un espacio previo a la   faringe   llamado cavidad oral, o cavidad bucal.

Dean Prof. Dr. Zahid Yousaf of the University of Gujrat (UOG) embarked on a significant visit to the University of the Pacific, California, US, from May 20 to May 25. This visit was planned on the special invitation of Dr Qingwen Dong, Director graduate program and a leading academic from the department of communication. This visit not only facilitated fruitful discussions among academics from both countries but also laid the groundwork for a series of innovative collaborations between the two esteemed institutions. During this visit, Prof. Dr. Zahid Yousaf Engaged in dialogues with key stakeholders including President Christopher Callahan, Vice President Mary Lomax-Ghirarduzzi,  Associate Provost David Ojcius, Dean Lee Skinner, Director of International Scholars and Services, Patrick Wolak, Director Admissions among others. These meetings underscored a shared vision for enhancing academic cooperation and global engagement.  

Highlights • Exercise-induced microbial formate enhances immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy • Microbiota-derived formate is essential for the exercise-mediated antitumor effect • Formate boosts antitumor immunity via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 • High-formate-producing human gut microbiota enhances antitumor CD8 T cell immunity