Mostly Microbes and Infection

The  history of dental treatments  dates back to thousands of years. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]  The scope of this article is limited to the pre-1981  history . The earliest known example of  dental caries  manipulation is found in a  Paleolithic  man, dated between 14,160 and 13,820  BP . [ 3 ]  The earliest known use of a  filling  after removal of decayed or infected  pulp  is found in a Paleolithic who lived near modern-day  Tuscany , Italy, from 13,000 to 12,740 BP. [ 4 ]  Although inconclusive, researchers have suggested that rudimentary dental procedures have been performed as far back as 130,000 years ago by  Neanderthals . [ 5 ]

La   boca , también denominada como una   cavidad bucal   o   cavidad oral,   siendo en realidad divisiones en sí de la boca del aparato digestivo; [ 1 ] ​ es la abertura corporal por la que se ingieren   alimentos . [ 2 ] ​ Está ubicada en la   cara   y constituye en su mayor parte el   aparato estomatognático , así como la primera parte del   aparato digestivo . La boca se abre a un espacio previo a la   faringe   llamado cavidad oral, o cavidad bucal.

Dean Prof. Dr. Zahid Yousaf of the University of Gujrat (UOG) embarked on a significant visit to the University of the Pacific, California, US, from May 20 to May 25. This visit was planned on the special invitation of Dr Qingwen Dong, Director graduate program and a leading academic from the department of communication. This visit not only facilitated fruitful discussions among academics from both countries but also laid the groundwork for a series of innovative collaborations between the two esteemed institutions. During this visit, Prof. Dr. Zahid Yousaf Engaged in dialogues with key stakeholders including President Christopher Callahan, Vice President Mary Lomax-Ghirarduzzi,  Associate Provost David Ojcius, Dean Lee Skinner, Director of International Scholars and Services, Patrick Wolak, Director Admissions among others. These meetings underscored a shared vision for enhancing academic cooperation and global engagement.  

Highlights • Exercise-induced microbial formate enhances immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy • Microbiota-derived formate is essential for the exercise-mediated antitumor effect • Formate boosts antitumor immunity via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 • High-formate-producing human gut microbiota enhances antitumor CD8 T cell immunity

Frankincense oil, originating from Boswellia trees in the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia, has a rich history as a valuable remedy for various diseases. Recent scientific research has revealed its potential therapeutic effects on oral health, contributing to oral disease prevention and maintenance. As interest in natural remedies grows and concerns regarding side effects of synthetic drugs persist, frankincense serves as a promising candidate for adjunctive therapy. This study examines the impact of frankincense on the oral microbiome, focusing on its antimicrobial properties against pathogenic oral bacteria –S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum – that contribute to dental caries and periodontal disease. To measure the effects of frankincense on these bacteria, saliva samples were collected with a RNA/DNA stabilizing solution from volunteers prior to and after using a frankincense concentrated mouthwash solution. Volunteers were divided into two separate groups, one group ...